Understanding Skin Cancer: Causes, Prevention, and the Rising Incidence

Skin cancer develops when skin cells become abnormal and proliferate uncontrollably. It’s one of the most common cancers, with melanoma ranking high in most European counties and the USA against other forms of cancer. Importantly, the rates of skin cancer are on the rise. This Winson Health article outlines the causes, types, and preventive measures for skin cancer.

What Causes Skin Cancer?

Skin cancer primarily includes three types: melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. The latter two, collectively referred to as non-melanoma skin cancer, originate in the skin’s upper layers.

The predominant cause of skin cancer is sun exposure. The ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun can alter the DNA in skin cells, leading to mutations. Skin damage from the sun is more likely during prolonged exposure or intense, brief bursts of sunlight. Sunburn is a clear indication that the skin has been exposed excessively without adequate protection.

Other risk factors include:

  • Age: Older individuals are at a higher risk, particularly for non-melanoma skin cancers, though younger people are not immune.
  • History of Sunburn: Frequent sunburns, especially in youth or for those working outdoors, increase the likelihood of developing skin cancer. Fair-skinned individuals are particularly vulnerable.
  • Family History: Certain skin cancers, like squamous cell carcinoma, may be hereditary.
  • Skin Conditions: Those receiving UV treatment for issues like psoriasis or eczema may also face a heightened risk.

It’s crucial to manage sun exposure and consult a GP if you notice potential skin cancer symptoms or are concerned about your risk.

Do Sunbeds Increase Skin Cancer Risk?

Sunbeds, which emit high-intensity artificial UV light, significantly escalate the risk of melanoma and other skin cancers. Studies show a correlation between frequent sunbed use and increased skin cancer rates.

How to Prevent Skin Cancer

Fortunately, about 80% of skin cancer cases are preventable. Here are six effective prevention tips:

  • Limit Sun Exposure: Avoid lengthy sun exposure. Seek shade and wear protective clothing, such as long sleeves and hats, when outdoors.
  • Use Sunscreen: Apply sunscreen with at least SPF 30 every time you go outside, regardless of the weather. Higher SPF levels offer better protection.
  • Avoid Sunbeds: Given their risks, opt for safer alternatives like instant or gradual tanning products if you desire a tan.
  • Regular Skin Checks: Monitor your skin for any new or changing moles, persistent sores, or areas that itch, bleed, or appear red.
  • Annual Dermatologist Visits: A dermatologist can perform thorough skin exams and spot early signs of skin cancer.
  • Consider Supplements: Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) may help with DNA repair and potentially reduce skin cancer risk, although more research is needed. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplements.

Enjoying the sun safely is possible with the right precautions. If you’re concerned about skin cancer or notice unusual symptoms, consult your doctor. Additionally, if covered by health insurance, you may be able to access specialist consultations directly, potentially bypassing the need for a doctors referral. At Winson Health, we have health insurance plans that cover skin cancer. Get in touch with us today to discuss with a Winson Health consultant.