5 Effective Ways to Lower Your Risk of Colon Cancer
Colon cancer might not be a common topic at the dinner table, but it’s one worth discussing—especially if you’re 45 or older, have a family history of colorectal cancer, or have certain risk factors.
As the third most common cancer in both men and women and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the U.S., colon cancer is a serious health concern. Fortunately, it is also one of the most preventable cancers when caught early through screening and lifestyle adjustments.
Understanding Colon Cancer
Most colon cancers start as small, benign polyps inside the colon or rectum. These growths typically don’t cause symptoms and can go undetected for years—sometimes taking 10 to 15 years to develop into cancer. While some polyps may cause bleeding, constipation, or blood in the stool, many don’t show any warning signs.
Despite the known benefits of screening, nearly 40% of people at risk don’t get tested—even though early detection could prevent colon cancer from developing.
So, what can you do to protect yourself?
1. Know Your Family History
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that all adults between ages 45 and 75 get screened regularly for colon cancer. However, if you have a family history of the disease, your doctor may advise starting screenings even earlier.
Talk to your relatives to find out if colon cancer runs in your family. A first-degree relative (parent, sibling, or child) with colon cancer significantly increases your risk—so knowing your history can help your doctor create a personalized screening plan.
2. Discuss Your Risk Factors with Your Doctor
Certain health conditions and lifestyle factors can raise your risk of colon cancer. Make sure to discuss the following with your doctor:
- Inflammatory bowel diseases (such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis)
- Genetic conditions (such as Lynch syndrome)
- Obesity
- Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption
- A personal history of colon polyps
Understanding your risk factors can help you and your doctor take proactive steps to reduce your chances of developing colon cancer.
3. Choose the Right Screening Method
Screening is essential for catching colon cancer early—when the five-year survival rate is about 90%.
Colonoscopies remain the gold standard for detecting colon cancer, but there are alternative screening options for those concerned about cost or discomfort;
- FIT Test (Fecal Immunochemical Test): A simple at-home test that checks for hidden blood in the stool. It needs to be done annually but requires no preparation.
- gFOBT (Guaiac-based Fecal Occult Blood Test): Another at-home test that also detects blood in the stool and should be repeated every year.
While these tests can’t replace a colonoscopy in all cases, they are useful tools for early detection. Your doctor can help you determine the best screening option based on your medical history.
4. Encourage Your Family to Get Screened
If you have a family history of colon cancer, talking to your relatives about screening is one of the most important steps you can take. Many people delay screenings simply because they don’t realize they’re at risk. Encourage family members, especially those 45 or older, to discuss screening with their doctors. Early detection saves lives.
5. Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle
Diet and exercise play a crucial role in reducing your colon cancer risk. Consider the following:
✅ Eat more fiber-rich foods, such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
✅ Limit red and processed meats, which have been linked to a higher risk of colon cancer.
✅ Exercise regularly—aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week.
✅ Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, as both are linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer.
A sedentary lifestyle and a diet high in fat and low in fiber can increase your risk of colon cancer. Making small, sustainable changes to your daily habits can greatly improve your long-term health.
Take Action Today
Colon cancer is highly preventable, but only if you take the right steps. Regular screenings, a healthy lifestyle, and awareness of your risk factors can make a huge difference.
Your annual physical is a great time to talk to your doctor about screening options. Most health insurance plans cover colon cancer screenings, so don’t hesitate to take advantage of them.
Start the conversation today—it could save your life.
